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            <abstract>A coverage of the mapped USGS streams to which the mapped Soil Survey streams have been added. NOTE: No groundtruthing of streams was conducted to verify and confirm either the presence or absence of these mapped streams, or their exact locations and spatial extent. The precision and accuracy of the stream data is limited to that of the source data and the data should be used in this context - as an approximate representation of actual field conditions. The USGS streams data used as a basis for the streamsreg_v1 coverage was taken from BasinPro version2.1 feet, which is an ArcView project created by the NC Center for Geographic Information &amp; Analysis (CGIA). The BasinPro shapefile used is named "use support\(basin_name)" and defined as: Surface water features consisting of streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands, reservoirs, and shorelines as mapped by the US Geological Survey Digital Line Graph (DLG) program, 1:24,000-scale, refined and coded for NC Division of Water Quality's (DWQ) Stream Classification Schedule. Use support values for each basin are updated on a 5-year schedule. Arcs and polygons are assigned USGS DLG numeric codes describing hydrography features, DWQ Stream Class index number, stream class, use rating, causes, sources, reach, comments, stream name, subbasin, river basin, 100k quad name, and more. The source for soil survey streams was the Orange County Soil Survey (June 1977). Streams mapped in the Soil Survey, but not on the 7.5-minute USGS maps, were added to the streams coverage by County staff using ArcGIS desktop digitizing methodology.

Orange County enforces two different sets of stream buffer regulations within the County.  For lands within the Neuse River basin, the County enforces the Neuse Buffer rules, which is a state requirement.  Orange County Planning Department, Erosion Control Division has local authority delegated by the state to make stream determinations pursuant to the Neuse Buffer rules.  Under these rules, only mapped USGS blue line streams and mapped NRCS Soil Survey streams are regulated.  However, these stream mapping data are not terribly accurate and landowners can request an onsite determination.  Under the Neuse Buffer rules, streams can be "kicked out" as not meeting the state designated definition of a stream, but streams cannot be added.  Often the stream is located on the property, but for many intermittent streams the upper limit is further down stream than mapped.

Orange County also enforces a stream buffer along streams and water features in the County per the Orange County Zoning Ordinance (see Section 6.23.7, Stream Buffers, as amended on May 20, 2003).  Under this ordinance, previously unmapped streams can be added provided the stream meets the state definition.

Stream determinations are made onsite by County Erosion Control staff who must be state certified to conduct stream determinations by the NC Division of Water Quality.  Determinations are conducted based on geomorphic, hydrological and biological stream features that distinguish between ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streams.  The process includes scoring a stream by quantifying parameters determined by the state.

GPS is used to update the stream data layer.</abstract>
            <purpose>To create a coverage of the mapped streams in Orange County that will be used for regulatory purposes. The Orange County Zoning Ordinance requires stream buffers on all streams identified on the 7.5-minute USGS maps or shown as a water feature in the Orange County Soil Survey. The Neuse Buffer rules (15A NCAC 2B .0235) applies to USGS and Soil Survey streams and water features as well.</purpose>
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        <citation>
            <citeinfo>
                <origin>Brian Carson</origin>
                <pubdate>20080106</pubdate>
                <title>Streams</title>
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        <status>
            <progress>In work</progress>
            <update>As needed</update>
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                <themekt>Hydrology</themekt>
                <themekey>streams</themekey>
                <themekey>usgs streams</themekey>
                <themekey>soils streams</themekey>
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        <accconst>Access is to be limited to Orange County Planning and Inspections Department Personnel unless otherwise specified.</accconst>
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                    <cntper>Brian Carson</cntper>
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                <cntpos>GIS Technician</cntpos>
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                    <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
                    <address>306F Revere Road PO BOX 8181</address>
                    <city>Hillsborough</city>
                    <state>North Carolina</state>
                    <postal>27278</postal>
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